http://idea.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/905 http://idea.library.drexel.edu/retrieve/5245 http://idea.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/905 Search the Channel search http://idea.library.drexel.edu/simple-search http://idea.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/3756 Title: Daylighting, Daylight Simulation and Public Health: Low-Energy Lighting for Optimal Vision/Visual Acuity and Health/Wellbeing <br/> <br/>Authors: Ellis, Eugenia Victoria; Handly, Neal; McEachron, Donald L.; Del Risco, A.; Baynard, M. <br/> <br/>Abstract: Indoor Ecology (IE) is an emerging research field that aims to develop new approaches and technologies which allow indoor environments and occupants to dynamically co-adapt to each other in order to enhance human wellbeing and productivity while simultaneously optimizing energy efficiency. The central idea in IE is that humans, building systems and the interior environment form a single, integrated complex ‘ecosystem’. One way to IE optimization is though lighting, especially daylighting and daylight simulation. Current approaches to energy-efficient buildings emphasize only limited aspects of interior lighting, such as the carbon footprint, without regard to the multiple effects lighting has on human health, wellbeing and productivity which must be considered if truly sustainable interior spaces are to be designed. This paper documents five ongoing investigations which study various aspects of the lighting-human interaction in a variety of circumstances. For example, students in the classroom setting are exposed to wide changes in lighting as well as inadequate light during early classes, likely affecting attention, retention and performance. Subjects displayed a marked preference for natural lighting when given the option; supporting a general hypothesis that daylighting might be a solution to the twin problems of promoting health and productivity while decreasing energy use. Sat, 26 Feb 2011 22:58:59 GMT http://idea.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/3242 Title: Low energy luminous surfaces: residential lighting using CeeLite LEC technology <br/> <br/>Authors: Ellis, Eugenia Victoria; Wen, Jin; Schauer, Caroline; Huang, Heui-Pin; Santulli, Gabrielle; Rooney, John; Binder, Michael; Odgen, Deborah; Detweiler, Jameson; Eisele, Eric; Alper, Erek; Kratzer, David; Frosten, Susan; VanSlett, Melissa <br/> <br/>Abstract: This project investigates the low-energy LEC (light emitting capacitor) technology developed by the eastern Pennsylvania company CeeLite to design a commercially viable product for residential lighting applications. Electroluminescent (EL) lighting is a technology that has been around for decades. CeeLite has developed the Light Emitting Capacitor (LEC), which is a millimeter thin strip of material illuminated by an inverter, a propriety design that controls the intensity and color – allowing for clean, white light that approaches the color of daylight. The goal of this project is to develop a quality residential lighting system that is cost effective and energy efficient by using recycled and non-toxic materials. By powering this lighting system with photovoltaics, this could be marketed as a fully solar-powered system with battery back-up, with the additional potential use as emergency lighting. The CeeLite LEC panel approaches the color temperature of natural daylight, generates minimal heat and is made from recycled copolyester resins. This research project is also investigating the use of PLA (polylactide) biopolymers for the encapsulation material so that portions of the LEC panel will be compostable as well as recyclable. This lighting system research project rethinks illumination by considering luminous surfaces in lieu of traditional luminaires to provide quality light in residential applications. Unlike traditional residential lighting systems, the proposed residential luminous surface system will provide illumination without heat generation resulting in an overall reduction in cooling loads, promoting building efficiency. The CeeLite low-energy luminous system for residential applications will be tested by student residents living at the Drexel Smart House, a Drexel Engineering Cities Research Initiative (DECI) Thu, 03 Jun 2010 18:11:28 GMT http://idea.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/3239 Title: Daylighting, daylight simulation and public health: low-energy lighting for optimal vision/visual acuity and health/wellbeing <br/> <br/>Authors: Ellis, Eugenia Victoria; Wen, Jin; Schauer, Caroline; Handly, Neal; McEachron, Donald L.; Calcagni, Nick; Detweiler, Jameson; Eisele, Eric <br/> <br/>Abstract: Recent research indicates that lighting has become a public health issue (Pauley, 2004). Studies have shown that people working in natural sunlight are more productive, more effective, and happier than people who work under traditional artificial light. Natural changes in daylight balance a body’s circadian rhythm, which determines sleeping and eating patterns, brain wave activity and hormone production. Disturbing the circadian rhythm can lead to jetlag, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS), and may lead to more serious conditions such as cancer (Roberts, 2001). In industrialized nations it is estimated that up to 20% of the workforce are involved in some kind of shift work (Webb, 2006). Studies indirectly link exposures of shift workers to light at night (LAN) and higher incidences of breast cancer and colorectal cancers (Pauley, 2004). Buildings consume 39% of the primary energy in the United States, out of which, on average 18% is from the lighting system (DOE, 2006). Furthermore, heat produced by the lighting system yields 24% of the total building cooling load (Leslie, 2003). Therefore, proper lighting utilization through low-energy systems that generate little heat could result in significant cooling energy savings for buildings, which would further result in less environmental pollution during the energy production process. Moreover, studies (Leslie, 2003 and Fay, 2002) have shown a connection between lighting levels and higher productivity and better performance from building occupants. Daylight brings enough light to meet lighting requirements of 50 to 70% of the occupancy period in the temperate zone of the earth, and even more around the equator (Fontoynont, 2002). Energy savings by using daylighting can be up to 50% of the gross full yearly use of light for interior conditions (Ne’eman, 1982). For proper health and energy savings it is important to use or mimic the full spectrum of natural lighting. Ocular light, or light reaching the eye, serves two functions: vision and control of circadian rhythm (Roberts, 2008). Studies have shown that daylighting provides the quality light necessary for maximum vision and visual acuity (Bliss, 1946) and provides the full spectrum of light needed for health and wellbeing (Roberts,2001). It is well established that the circadian rhythm is regulated by changes in visible light from the sun throughout the day, and visible light can also be responsible for modifying the circadian rhythm (Aschoff,1965). The full spectrum of light includes UVA, UVB and visible light: at noon there is high intensity in the blue light region [400-500 nm], in the late afternoon blue light is preferentially scattered out of (removed from) incoming sunlight so that the late afternoon sun provides red and orange light [600-700 nm], and when the sun sets it becomes dark. Circadian Rhythm is controlled daily by blue visible light [460-500 nm] together with darkness in the environment (Roberts, 2008). Daylighting strategies and composite solar luminaires will be installed and tested by student residents living at the Drexel Smart House, a Drexel Engineering Cities Research Initiative (DECI). Thu, 03 Jun 2010 18:07:16 GMT http://idea.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/2730 Title: The cosmogenesis of dwelling: ancient (eco)logical practices of divining the constructed world <br/> <br/>Authors: Ellis, Eugenia Victoria <br/> <br/>Abstract: The disenchantment with scientific progress has awakened a new environmental awareness in our culture so that today we are reconsidering the constructed world with respect to the position of the sun to create sustainable environments. This “new” approach to the design of the constructed world is based on ancient traditions that have been lost due to new technologies that have allowed us to defy nature. These ancient traditions were (eco)logical—the forces of nature were used to shape the constructed world to create comfortable dwellings that responded to prevailing environmental conditions. The built world was auspicious because it was oriented towards the cosmos: the positions of the sun, the stars and the planets. Human dwelling was considered to be a microcosm of the universe and was associated with spirituality. The act of building itself was a religious rite. Divining the constructed world was a talismanic operation that the ancients used to orient their earthly creations to be “square with the world” and began with the human body at its center and origin. The cosmological origins of building will be demonstrated by considering the ancient practices of Vāstu Śāstra and Feng Shui as a way of reconsidering present-day body-centered (eco)logical approaches to design. Mon, 14 Jan 2008 22:58:59 GMT http://idea.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/2055 Title: The visible and tangible eye <br/> <br/>Authors: Ellis, Eugenia Victoria <br/> <br/>Abstract: In 1709, the bishop George Berkeley proposed a "new theory of vision" which relied upon both the visible and the tangible eye. He suggested that visual perception is dependent on our experience of the relationships between objects based upon our own relative positions in space which he described as a tactile perception. He distinguished between the perceptions of sight and touch, and believed that one could not exist without the other in the perception of the world. Guidizio dell'occhio (judgment of the eye) could be considered to be the intuitive sense of spatial relationships developed from our experience of space by the extension into space of our senses through drawing what we see (visual and haptic perception); from the memory of being and acting in space. Phantasia (the creative imagination) is always related to a mental picture and disegno interno is both perception and conception which is an activity of the senses and imagination as well as an activity of the practical intellect because it is necessary to imagine what we are going to do in order to be guided in doing it. However, the more the sphere of application becomes rationalized (for example the replacement of thinking through drawing by computer applications), the less does the proper exercise of judgment along with practical experience take place. Wed, 29 Oct 1997 22:58:59 GMT http://idea.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/2050 Title: Learning to forget: architectural recreation, spatial visualization and imaging the unseen <br/> <br/>Authors: Ellis, Eugenia Victoria <br/> <br/>Abstract: The human mind develops from infancy onwards from the base of the brain at the cerebellum curving up from the back of the head forward to the pre-frontal cortex of the brain, which is located directly behind the forehead. Both hemispheres of the brain develop equally, however each side of the brain allows us to “think” in a different way. The left side is the rational mind; it is logical and linear and allows us to identify things through naming the parts. The right side is the metaphoric mind; it is intuitive and spatial and allows us to visualize things through imaging the whole. In our culture, the left side of the brain seems to dominate and by the age of ten the mind’s symbolic and logic structures have become so fully developed as to begin to override conceptual and analogical thinking. Children learn through play, through re-creating situations and events. While playing, children forget themselves, time is suspended, and mind, body and emotions work together simultaneously in the child’s re-creations. As architectural educators, we need to teach our students how to forget, how to leave behind their inherent symbolic and logic structures which would have them name things, so that they may develop their abilities to visualize spatially and image the unseen. Sun, 29 Oct 2000 22:58:59 GMT http://idea.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/2042 Title: Technique and (re)production: the shift from script to print to hypermedia <br/> <br/>Authors: Ellis, Eugenia Victoria <br/> <br/>Abstract: uction have brought about radical transformations in the production of architecture. This paper investigates the possible influences on architectural (re)production by looking at the social, cultural and technological changes brought about due to the invention of the printing press in the fifteenth century and its logical manifestation in today’s computer technology. The development of mechanical reproduction from the printing press to the computer image is used as a framework to (re)discover relationships between architectural production and techniques of reproduction, and their effects on architectural education. Mon, 29 Oct 2001 22:58:59 GMT http://idea.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/2036 Title: Lake Eloa Park toilet facilities: a paradox of safety and security through exposure <br/> <br/>Authors: Ellis, Eugenia Victoria <br/> <br/>Abstract: Located in the center of downtown Orlando, Florida, Lake Eola Park has had all the problems associated with an urban park. For years the park had been the center of illicit activities, most of which had occurred in the existing toilet facilities. These facilities were part of the city's beautification projects which included the renovation of the 50-acre Lake Eola Park into a showpiece for the city with a changed image: from a habitat for vagrants, drug dealers and prostitutes to a vibrant urban park filled with cultural activities and pedestrian traffic. The paradoxical technique utilized to design the toilet facilities was safety and security through exposure. The dialectic of the public toilet facility within the urban public park juxtaposes the most private space against the most public space within American culture. This paper is a discussion of the Lake Eola Park Toilet Facilities with respect to public versus private within the historical contexts of bathing/elimination and urban space/community in order to reveal how an act of modesty might more comfortably occur with a minimum of exposure. Sun, 29 Oct 1995 22:58:59 GMT http://idea.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/1833 Title: Skulls & crossbones: America’s consumptions of pirate symbolism <br/> <br/>Authors: Cecil, Anne C. Thu, 29 Mar 2007 22:58:59 GMT