http://idea.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/732 http://idea.library.drexel.edu/retrieve/7391 http://idea.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/732 Search the Channel search http://idea.library.drexel.edu/simple-search http://idea.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/1515 Title: Reynolds number effect on the interaction of an elastic circular cylinder and its ambient fluid flow <br/> <br/>Authors: Jeng, Shain-Woei; Lu, Chieh-Chih <br/> <br/>Abstract: The vortices shedding from the downstream surface of a cylindrical structure cause periodic variations of the lift and drag forces, which then produce vibrations. The vibration also changes the pattern of vortex shedding. This mutual effect is called fluid-structure interaction. The interaction of a rigid cylinder supported elastically and its ambient incompressible fluid flow was simulated numerically in this study. The flow field is obtained first by solving the Navier-Stokes equations using the primitive method. Then, the lift and drag forces on the cylinder are computed. With the forces, the vibration of the cylinder may be calculated by applying Newton’s second law of motion. At the next time step, the motion of the cylinder decides the boundary conditions and the acceleration term of the momentum equation since a moving coordinate system is adopted for the flow field calculation. The objective of this paper is to discuss the Reynolds number (Re) effect on this interactive system. Results showed that the cylinder moved periodically along a figure”8” path. At lower Re, the peak lift force in the resonant region was significantly higher, and the natural frequency at which peak lift occurred was larger. The Re-effect on the resonant region, the root mean square of the lift force, the time average of the drag force, and cylinder vibration are also discussed in this paper. <br/> <br/>Description: Paper presented at The Seventh International Conference on HydroScience and Engineering (ICHE) hosted by the College of Engineering at Drexel Univeristy on September 10-13, 2006 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The conference theme was IT in the Field of HydroSciences. It included several mini-symposia that emphasized IT topics in HydroSciences and the yearly meeting of the metadata group of the International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange organization. Mon, 11 Sep 2006 22:58:59 GMT http://idea.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/1514 Title: Application of hydrological conceptual models to simulate future river flows feeding Lake Victoria, East Africa <br/> <br/>Authors: Phoon, Syin Yi <br/> <br/>Abstract: The Nile River receives its water primarily from Lake Victoria’s catchment basin, and is a particularly vital source of potable water in that region. Since greenhouse gases induce climate change that will affect the water resources system, this necessitates a fundamental review of both the planning and management of water resources. This study delivers the range of plausible changes in flows of five rivers (tributaries) to Lake Victoria from the year 2010 to 2099. Two different hydrological conceptual models, namely IHACRES and SMAR, are used in establishing the daily rainfall-runoff relationships for the five sub-catchments (tributaries) within the Lake Victoria basin. The five catchment sites are – Nzoia, Yala, Sondu, Gucha and Mara. A number of climate change scenarios from several General Circulation Models (GCMs), taking into account different CO2 emission forcings have been successfully used by these hydrological models in order to simulate the corresponding future river flows in the five subcatchments. The results suggest an increase in mean annual flow in the 2020s period. However, the river flow trends in the 2050s and 2080s are inconclusive. The results show the potential for climate change to modify river flows, thus requiring a significant planning response. The results, amongst others also indicate the importance of considering hydrological impacts in potable water supply and flood/drought studies. <br/> <br/>Description: Paper presented at The Seventh International Conference on HydroScience and Engineering (ICHE) hosted by the College of Engineering at Drexel Univeristy on September 10-13, 2006 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The conference theme was IT in the Field of HydroSciences. It included several mini-symposia that emphasized IT topics in HydroSciences and the yearly meeting of the metadata group of the International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange organization. Mon, 11 Sep 2006 22:58:59 GMT http://idea.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/1513 Title: On-demand lake circulation modeling management system <br/> <br/>Authors: Pan, Yinfei; Kimura, Nobuaki; Zhang, Ying; Wu, Chin; Chiu, Kenneth <br/> <br/>Abstract: In this paper, we present a system for real-time forecasting of lake circulation at Trout Lake Station in Upper Wisconsin. Our system uses near-real-time meteorological data to drive a lake circulation model. Near-real-time ADCP data will be used to validate the model. As one part of a cyberinfrastructure lake project, this paper presents the broad system design crossing different related organizations: Device management and data acquisition from Trout Lake Station, data storage in the Center for Limnology, circulation modeling in Environmental Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, and the system portal in Grid Computing Research Laboratory of SUNY Binghamton. We also present the concept and implementation of hindcasting and nowcasting. The application of this system shows that this work is an effective collaboration across many different fields. <br/> <br/>Description: Paper presented at The Seventh International Conference on HydroScience and Engineering (ICHE) hosted by the College of Engineering at Drexel Univeristy on September 10-13, 2006 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The conference theme was IT in the Field of HydroSciences. It included several mini-symposia that emphasized IT topics in HydroSciences and the yearly meeting of the metadata group of the International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange organization. Tue, 12 Sep 2006 22:58:59 GMT http://idea.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/1512 Title: Long term water temperature modeling of the Bay Of Quinte, Ontario <br/> <br/>Authors: Moin, Syed M. A.; Thompson, Aaron <br/> <br/>Abstract: During the International Joint Commission (IJC) Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence River Study, research was conducted to predict long term water temperatures in the Bay of Quinte. The purpose of this research was to study of the impacts of the water level management alternatives for Lake Ontario on the availability and quality of fish habitat. To evaluate the management options, water temperatures in the Bay of Quinte, were required over a 101-year period (1900 to 2001). A special hydraulic-temperature coupled model was developed using a one-dimensional hydrodynamic engine to derive the temperature model. The hydrodynamic model was developed earlier for the St. Lawrence River and was adopted for this study employing a double-sweep solution to the tree structured hydraulic system. The solution of the St. Venant’s unsteady flow equation was obtained by a finite element predictor-corrector method. The temperature model was based on temperature balance and conservation employing an explicit scheme. In order to simulate and predict water temperatures through out the Bay system, three types of data were acquired, reduced and employed in the model developed. First, bathymetry data were obtained and extracted to describe a cross-section and other geometric and resistance data for the one-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling. Second, discharge and hydraulic data were obtained and estimated from the flow records collected by the Water Survey of Canada, while the water level data for Lake Ontario were obtained from Canadian Hydrographic Service. Finally, air temperature data were obtained from information collected at Belleville. When air temperature data for the earlier period were not available, Toronto data were ported with a regression correction between Belleville and Toronto. The model was calibrated and verified prior to simulation for ice-free periods between April and November. Model calibration and validation were accomplished using water temperature data collected over a three-year period at six sites in the Bay of Quinte. The model showed the same trends as those observed reaching the critical temperatures for spring and fall spawning within the tolerance of the fish habitat model. <br/> <br/>Description: Paper presented at The Seventh International Conference on HydroScience and Engineering (ICHE) hosted by the College of Engineering at Drexel Univeristy on September 10-13, 2006 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The conference theme was IT in the Field of HydroSciences. It included several mini-symposia that emphasized IT topics in HydroSciences and the yearly meeting of the metadata group of the International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange organization. Tue, 12 Sep 2006 22:58:59 GMT http://idea.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/1511 Title: Implementation and testing of a non-cohesive sediment library in the 2-dimensional shallow water equations of adaptive hydraulics (ADH) <br/> <br/>Authors: Tate, Jennifer N. <br/> <br/>Abstract: Adaptive Hydraulics (ADH) is an unstructured finite element package capable of modeling 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional shallow water equations, 3-dimensional Navier Stokes equations, groundwater equations and groundwater-surface water interaction. ADH solves the hydraulic and transport equations while dynamically adapting the mesh so that a coarse mesh can give results as accurate as a mesh with finer resolution. Another benefit is that one tool and file structure is used for several different applications. Two-dimensional non-cohesive sediment transport is one focus of current additions to the ADH package and the focus of this paper. Non-cohesive sediment equations have been incorporated into the 2-dimensional shallow water equations of ADH. These equations are taken from accepted results and analyses by Van Rijn, Garcia and Parker, Shields, Krone, and others. Given the boundary flow conditions, the suspended sediment concentrations, bed displacement, and grain size distributions are calculated over time throughout the model domain. This process can be used when simulating single and multiple grain sizes, as well as non-erodable surfaces for steady state or long, time varying flow boundary conditions. A reach of the Mississippi River north of Memphis, Tennessee, was used as a test domain for the sediment routines. This area experiences times of wetting and drying and contains several non-erodable dike structures and revetments. Several tests were run on this Kate Aubrey reach. Initial runs consisted of a single, steady flow event for two different channel bathymetries and modeled a single grain size. Runs were then made modeling multiple grain transport. A year-long hydrograph was later applied to drive the single grain simulations. A detailed description of the equation implementation is given in the paper as well as the results and qualitative conclusions for the various simulations conducted. <br/> <br/>Description: Paper presented at The Seventh International Conference on HydroScience and Engineering (ICHE) hosted by the College of Engineering at Drexel Univeristy on September 10-13, 2006 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The conference theme was IT in the Field of HydroSciences. It included several mini-symposia that emphasized IT topics in HydroSciences and the yearly meeting of the metadata group of the International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange organization. Sun, 10 Sep 2006 22:58:59 GMT http://idea.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/1510 Title: Improvements in acoustic doppler velocimetery <br/> <br/>Authors: Rusello, Peter J.; Lohrmann, Atle; Siegel, Eric; Maddux, Tim <br/> <br/>Abstract: Acoustic velocimeters have become popular for measuring turbulent and mean flows in fluid mechanics laboratories. A series of tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of several acoustic velocimeters at low signal to noise ratios (SNR) to assess the accuracy of mean flow estimates, and at typical SNR in response to tilting of the velocimeter head with respect to the flow. Tests were conducted in an open channel flow with Particle Imaging Velocimetery (PIV) measurements made for comparison and assessment of flow disturbance around the head. While limited in the scope of its assessment, this study shows large improvements have been made in the performance of acoustic velocimeters since their introduction in the early 1990s. <br/> <br/>Description: Paper presented at The Seventh International Conference on HydroScience and Engineering (ICHE) hosted by the College of Engineering at Drexel Univeristy on September 10-13, 2006 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The conference theme was IT in the Field of HydroSciences. It included several mini-symposia that emphasized IT topics in HydroSciences and the yearly meeting of the metadata group of the International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange organization. Sun, 10 Sep 2006 22:58:59 GMT http://idea.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/1509 Title: Improving the prediction capability of numerical models for particle motion in water bodies <br/> <br/>Authors: González, Andrea; Bombardelli, Fabián; Niño, Yarko <br/> <br/>Abstract: The Basset force plays an important role in the momentum equations for relatively-small solid particles moving close to a river bed. This force can make the numerical solution of these equations computationally time- and memory-consuming. Reduction of the computational cost of the Basset term is therefore strongly needed. In this paper, we present and discuss a two-stage methodology to deal with the difficulties associated with the Basset force. First, we use an approximation of the Basset term based on a semi-derivative (fractional mathematics); second, we redefine the integration time of the term proposing the use of a number of previous jumps. Important savings in computational time are reported. <br/> <br/>Description: Paper presented at The Seventh International Conference on HydroScience and Engineering (ICHE) hosted by the College of Engineering at Drexel Univeristy on September 10-13, 2006 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The conference theme was IT in the Field of HydroSciences. It included several mini-symposia that emphasized IT topics in HydroSciences and the yearly meeting of the metadata group of the International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange organization. Mon, 11 Sep 2006 22:58:59 GMT http://idea.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/1508 Title: Numerical study of production and transportation of sea salt spray and field measurement <br/> <br/>Authors: Yamada, Fuminori; Hosoyamada, Tokuzou <br/> <br/>Abstract: Generation and transport of sea salt spray is affected by many physical phenomena such as configuration of structures, wave, geographical and wind condition. To estimate detailed spatial and temporal distribution of sea salt spray, each physical process should be integrated together. In this study, integrated numerical schemes for production and transportation of sea salt spray are proposed. Field measurements are also carried out to confirm the validity of the numerical results. In this result, numerical results agree well with real field observed data. The effect is also estimated by the computational scheme of the transportation process of sea salt spray. <br/> <br/>Description: Paper presented at The Seventh International Conference on HydroScience and Engineering (ICHE) hosted by the College of Engineering at Drexel Univeristy on September 10-13, 2006 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The conference theme was IT in the Field of HydroSciences. It included several mini-symposia that emphasized IT topics in HydroSciences and the yearly meeting of the metadata group of the International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange organization. Sun, 10 Sep 2006 22:58:59 GMT http://idea.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/1507 Title: Selenium transport and transformation modeling in soil columns and ground water contamination prediction <br/> <br/>Authors: Mirbagheri, Seyed Ahmad; Tanji, Kenneth K. <br/> <br/>Abstract: Selemum transport and transformation were simulated in soil column. A one-dimensional dynamic mathematical and computer model is formulated to simulate, selenate, selemte, selenomethionine, organic selenium, and gaseous selenium. This computer model is based on the mass balance equation, including convective transport, dispersive transport, surface adsorption, oxidation and reduction, volatilization, chemical and biological transformation. The mathematical solution is obtained by finite difference implicit method. The model was verified by comparison of model results with experimental measurements and also using mass balance calculations in each time step of calculation. The simulated results are in good agreement with measured values. With this study and its results the distribution of various forms of selenium in soil column to ground water table can be predicted. <br/> <br/>Description: Paper presented at The Seventh International Conference on HydroScience and Engineering (ICHE) hosted by the College of Engineering at Drexel Univeristy on September 10-13, 2006 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The conference theme was IT in the Field of HydroSciences. It included several mini-symposia that emphasized IT topics in HydroSciences and the yearly meeting of the metadata group of the International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange organization. Tue, 12 Sep 2006 22:58:59 GMT http://idea.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/1506 Title: Integrated hydrologic science and environmental engineering observatory: the cleaner vision for the WATERS network <br/> <br/>Authors: Haas, Charles N.; Montgomery, Jami L.; Minsker, Barbara; Schnoor, Jerald <br/> <br/>Abstract: Forecasting the quantity and quality of our nation’s waters while assuring an adequate water supply are pressing concerns for the future. Unprecedented population growth in coastal areas, changing land use and development patterns, and climate change threaten the future of our water resources. Research is needed to ensure that water is available for human use without forfeiting the integrity of our nation’s aquatic ecosystems. For example, multiple stressors such as overfishing, runoff of nutrients from agricultural fields and confined animal feeding lots, and pathogens in urban stormwater can often overwhelm a single water body. Mitigating just one of these problems often depends on understanding how it relates to others and how stressors can vary in temporal and spatial scales. Researchers are now in a position to address questions about multiscale, spatiotemporally distributed hydrologic and environmental phenomena through the use of remote and embedded networked sensing technologies. Recognizing this potential, NSF awarded $2 million to a coalition of 12 institutions in July 2005 to establish the CLEANER Project Office (Collaborative Large-Scale Engineering Analysis Network for Environmental Research; http://cleaner.ncsa.uiuc.edu). Starting in August 2005 the project office, in coordination with CUAHSI (Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc.; http://www.cuahsi.org), began working together to develop a WATer and Environmental Research Systems Network (WATERS Network), which is envisioned to be a collaborative scientific exploration and engineering analysis network, using high performance tools and infrastructure, that will transform our understanding of the Earth’s water and related biogeochemical cycles across multiple spatial and temporal scales to enable forecasting and management of critical water processes affected by human activities. In January 2007, the CLEANER Project Office officially became the WATERS Project Office to reflect this joint collaboration. <br/> <br/>Description: Paper presented at The Seventh International Conference on HydroScience and Engineering (ICHE) hosted by the College of Engineering at Drexel Univeristy on September 10-13, 2006 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The conference theme was IT in the Field of HydroSciences. It included several mini-symposia that emphasized IT topics in HydroSciences and the yearly meeting of the metadata group of the International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange organization. Sun, 10 Sep 2006 22:58:59 GMT